Distinction between persecutory acts and harassment - Persecutory acts cause the victim a persistent and severe state of anxiety or alteration of his or her life habits - Harassment as acts aimed at annoying the victim

Out-of-wedlock child’s surname - Automatic attribution of the father’s surname – Alleged violation of the right to personal identity and the principle of equality, also with regard to European and supranational obligations

Using the derogatory epithets ‘frocio’ and ‘disgusting’ against a person constitutes defamation - Injury to personal identity - Prohibition of discrimination

Human trafficking - Profiting from the victims' situation of vulnerability, physical and psychological inferiority and need - Exploitation of prostitution and exposure of victims to serious danger to life and bodily harm

Verification of indirect gender discrimination by the employer in the selection process for economic development - Actual disadvantage to female workers

Family abuse - Repeated acts of physical or moral harassment – Family abuse criminal offence also applies to working relationships in which, due to the small number of people and the limited space, the environment is comparable to a family

Registration in Italy of child’s - conceived through recourse to heterologous medically assisted reproduction - foreign birth certificate – Italian intentional mother and foreign biological mother – Parent’s gender identity cannot justify deterrent treatment of child

Same-sex couple - Refusal of the civil registrar to name in child’s birth certificate also the intended mother

Prohibition on correction of the birth certificate of a child born in Italy but conceived through recourse, by two women, to heterologous procreation abroad - Prohibition on naming in the birth certificate also the intended mother

Irrelevant cultural motive in cases of denial of fundamental goods and rights as configured by the constitutional framework - Assignment of minor daughter for payment of the so-called ‘bride price”

Discrimination in the workplace on grounds of sexual orientation – Inability for religious educational institutions to discriminate against candidate teachers on grounds of their sexual orientation

Sexual violence criminal offence - The offence of sexual assault is committed even if a more invasive act of the victim's sexual sphere had been prearranged

Sexual violence committed even if the violence is not brutal and aggressive – Sexual violence act even exclusively as a functional and limited pretension of the sexual act itself – Kissin is a sexual act

Discrimination on grounds of pregnancy or maternity constitutes a special example of gender-based discrimination - Non-renewal of the fixed-term contract of a pregnant worker - Refusal to appoint a pregnant woman or firing her because of her pregnancy or maternity status constitute a direct discrimination on grounds of sex

Recognition of the foreign order establishing a child’s adoption by a same-sex couple – Refusal to register it in case of adoption by same-sex couples

Trafficking victim of Nigerian origin deprived of any contact with her children, contrary to experts’ recommendations and even before the final decision on their availability for adoption - Violation of Article 8

Article 8 (Family Life) Article 14 (+ Article 8) - Restriction of applicant’s parental rights and deprivation of contact with her children on gender identity grounds and domestic courts’ failure to conduct in-depth examination of entire family situation and of relevant factors - Discrimination on gender identity grounds and lack of convincing and sufficient reasons for difference in treatment vis-a-vis parents whose gender identity matched sex assignment at birth

Article 14, Article 8 and Article 11- Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation - State’s failure to ensure LGBT event proceeded peacefully, without verbal abuse, and carry out an effective investigation into homophobic motives of counter-demonstrators

Athletics South Africa challenging the Swiss Federal Supreme Court's decision upholding World Athletics' regulations on testosterone levels for female athletes with Differences in Sexual Development (DSD) – Article 14 and Article 8 – Association not considered as direct and personal victim for the purposes of Article 34

National legislation providing for a pension maternity supplement to be granted to women who have had a certain number of children – Exclusion from entitlement to that pension supplement of women who have requested early retirement