Article 14 in conjunction with Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 - The applicant, a widow, argued that the denial of her right to a survivor’s pension due to her husband’s lack of social security contributions violated her rights - The decision to deny her pension was discriminatory based on her husband's failure to meet contribution requirements

A lawfully settled non-Hungarian transgender person’s request for legal gender recognition, which was refused by the authorities due to a gap in the relevant legislation in force at the material time - By not giving the applicant access to the legal gender recognition procedure, a fair balance had not been struck between the public interest and the applicant’s right to respect for his private life 

Article 4 (Positive obligations/Effective investigation/Trafficking in human beings) - Failure to hold effective investigation into allegation of human trafficking and exploitation of prostitution

Article 3 (procedural and substantive) - Ineffective investigation into arguable allegations of ill-treatment by police officers - Allegations not proved “beyond reasonable doubt”, partly due to investigation shortcomings

Death of sixty people among which twenty children and forty women constituting the majority of the city's low-income workers in the explosion of a fireworks factory – Gender stereotypes nurturing the division of labor pushing women to turn to fireworks industry – State's failure to regulate, supervise and address the factory's unsafe working conditions – Violation of the right to an effective remedy, to life, to personal integrity, to judicial protection, to equality in the enjoyment of health safety, children rights and non-discrimination in general

Article 8 (Positive obligations/Respect for private life) - Refusal of national authorities to recognise male identity of transgender persons in the absence of gender reassignment surgery - Disruption of the fair balance between the general interest not clearly identified and the interests of the applicants

Drug addict mother on treatment disproportionately deprived of parental authority over her children who were not neglected or in danger, of which the two youngest placed in public care - Violation of Article 8

Lack of legal recognition of the filiation relationship between a child born abroad through surrogacy and the intended parent – Refusal to register in Italy foreign order

Sexual violence criminal offence - Sexual violence committed by a doctor against a young patient - Applicability of the aggravating circumstance of abuse of authority

Alternative medicine practitioner, osteopathy - Patient's consent required if medical treatment is invasive of the sexual sphere - Sexual violence committed where the patient has not been informed in advance

Relationship between the offence of aggravated murder and persecutory acts - Offence of persecutory acts not absorbed by that of aggravated murder

The offence of sexual violence is committed in the case of a forced kiss on the lips - Qualification of the kiss on the mouth as a ‘sexual act’ even in the case of mere lip contact - Kissing as an act of erotic value

Gang rape - The offence of gang rape is committed even if not all members of the group commit acts of sexual violence - The prior agreement of the participants is not required in gang rape offence

Sexual violence criminal offence - Possibility of deeming ‘unconventional’ sexual acts to be lawful insofar as they take place with the consent of the participants throughout their duration

Indirect discrimination not to employ a woman for reasons of physical unfitness due to short stature – Recruitment requirements in contrast to the principle of equality not taking into account the existence of the height difference generally found between men and women

The offence of sexual violence is committed in the case of sudden embrace involving physical contact between the bodies, including the genitals, and lateral touching of the breasts - Offence of sexual violence and mitigating circumstances - Inability to counter

The offence of stalking is committed if the victim is continuously harassed by means of messages and posts on social networks, as well as by means of bitterly offensive and threatening expressions - Harassment and insults by means of Facebook posts and the consequent destabilising effect on the victim's peace of mind and psychological balance

Sexual violence and the hypothesis of lesser seriousness – Psychophysical consequences suffered by the victim judged to be of such a magnitude that the act cannot be considered less serious

Any form of psycho-physical coercion capable of affecting the freedom of people’s self-determination is sufficient for the offence of sexual violence to be committed - Cultural differences are irrelevant in offences against fundamental human rights

The offence of sexual violence is committed in the case of a slap on the bottom - Sexual act capable of embodying sexual pleasure or arousing the stimulus thereof