International adoption – Unnecessary interference in a democratic society of the provision preventing single persons from applying for the declaration of suitability to adopt and the judge from issuing a decree of suitability for international adoption – Constitutional illegitimacy of art. 29-bis, par. 1 of law no. 184 of 4/05/1983

Article 6 - Impartiality of a judge in childcare proceedings - Article 8 - Right to visit - Interlocutory decisions rejecting applicant’s request that opposing party’s contact rights be reduced or supervised accompanied by relevant and sufficient reasons 

Domestic courts’ failure to examine the issue of the applicant’s interim contact with the child of her former partner pending the outcome of the main child contact proceedings - No biological ties but close personal ones amounting to a de facto parent‑child bond - Violation Article 8

Art 8 • Family life • Decision to grant final adoption order in respect of a child already subject to a placement order, against the wishes of his mother, who has a history of mental health support needs, formally severing the biological ties and creating legal ties with the adoptive family

Special adoption request by intended parent rejected in absence of strong relationship with the child

Same-sex couple – Recognition of child’s born by surrogacy birth certificate – Biological mother and intended mother’s separation

Request to register both women and not only the giving-birth mother as mothers of a child born through recourse to heterologous MAR - civil registrar cannot receive intentional parent’s statement aiming at establishing a a parent-child relationship

Intended parent’s name excluded from the child’s born-by-surrogacy birth certificate – Domestic dispute over the registration of a foreign court order

Social policy, Directive (EU) 2019/1158, balance between working life and private life of parents – Single-parent family, equal treatment with two-parent families – Extension of maternity leave

Violation of Article 8 (positive obligations and private life) - Inability of the applicant, who was adopted as a child, to obtain information concerning her biological origins and health information about her biological parents - Failure to strike a balance between the competing interests at stake

Violation of Article 8 (Family life) - Termination of custody and foster care agreement of transgender person in respect of two minors on account of his diagnosis of “transsexualism” and change of gender identity

Article 8 (Family life) - Return of a child to his father in Japan ordered by the French courts under the Hague Convention - Existence of an adversarial and fair procedure

Law enforcement - Winners absent from work for maternity leave - Violation of equal treatment between women and men and of the special protection of mothers and children

Adoption of a child by same-sex couples - Assessment of withdrawal of consent to adoption by the biological parent - Assessment of the child's best interests

Adoption in ‘special cases’ is the legal instrument for the intended parent in same-sex couples

Recognition of judgment delivered by foreign judge regarding intended mother’s full adoption of a child, biological son of one of the two partners of a female same-sex couple married abroad – Request for transcription of foreign birth certificate – Child born abroad by medically assisted reproduction

Refusal to register details of foreign birth certificate establishing legal relationship between child born through surrogacy arrangement abroad and her biological father, without considering alternative solution - Violation of Article 8

Illicit removal of a child habitually resident in Argentina, relocated by the taking parent to Paraguay without the father's consent - Violation of the duty of due diligence for failing to locate for nine years a child regularly attending school and receiving public health care - Violation of the right to personal integrity for putting the applicant in a permanent state of anguish - Violation of the obligation to respect the rights and freedoms without any discrimination

Article 8 (Family life) - Domestic courts’ order for return of child from Cyprus to the USA under the Hague Convention following removal by its mother, the applicant - No violation

Pregnant adolescent encouraged to give her unborn child up for adoption by health professionals on the basis of gendered stereotypes concerning her unsuitability to find a partner to form a family should the child be kept by her – Authorization to adopt the baby signed by the mother without any assisting lawyer in a document directed to the Provincial Direction for the Promotion of the Rights of the Child, Adolescent and the Family – Violation of the rights to equality, family life, judicial guarantees, judicial protection, physical integrity, live free from violence, and the rights of