National legislation providing for a pension maternity supplement to be granted to women who have had a certain number of children – Exclusion from entitlement to that pension supplement of women who have requested early retirement

Equal pay for male and female workers – Claims seeking equal pay for work of equal value – Workers of different sex having the same employer

Social policy, equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security – Directive 79/7/EEC – Article 4(1), Voluntary early retirement, Early retirement pension, Requirement for the pension amount to be received to be at least as much as the legal minimum amount – Proportion of workers of each sex excluded from the benefit of early retirement, justification of a potential particular disadvantage to female workers

Killing of a female huma rights defender in the contest of spread abuses against women - Ineffective investigations without a gender lens - Violation of the right to dignity, to judicial protection and to personal integrity

Article 3 and Article 8 - Authorities breaching procedural positive obligations as to enforcement of sentence for sexual assault after offender’s amnesty granted then revoked

Article 14 (+ Article 8) - Entitlement to parental leave of male police personnel conditional upon lack of maternal care for their children

Condemnation of national courts for upholding presumptions and stereotypes of female sexuality - Positive obligations - 'Secondary victimisation' of a survivor of sexual violence due to the blaming, moralising and stereotyped gendered motivations of the domestic decision

Article 14 (+ Article 1 P1) - Unjustified, direct sex discrimination owing to refusal of employment-related benefit to pregnant woman who underwent in vitro fertilisation shortly before employment

Extrajudicial killing of two women and forced disappearance of two men - Ineffective investigations - Violation of the right to personal integrity and to judicial protection

Criminalization of an economically disadvantaged and illiterate woman living in a rural context having suffered obstetric emergency resulting in miscarriage - Arrest, detention during the proceedings and conviction for aggravated homicide to the detriment of her still-born child found by the police in her house - Violation of the right to freedom from arbitrary detention and to the presumption of innocence - Ineffective investigations based on gender stereotypes and preconceptions rather than concrete evidence related to the intersectional axes of discrimination concerning her gender, geogr

Freedom of association as a general principle of international law with collective and individual connotations, protecting the right to form trade union organisations and the right of each person to determine without coercion whether or not to join the association - The right to collective barganing as an essential part of freedom of association with a gendered impact on labour rights, violence and discrimination in the workplace - Presence of gender roles and stereotypes, both in the public arena and in the private sector, standing as a barrier to the full exercise of women's labour rights

Gender-based violence - Legal aid in criminal proceedings - Alleged violation of the principle of equal treatment and the right to judicial protection

Candidates on compulsory maternity leave - Violation of the special protection of mothers and children

Discrimination against women - Recruitment requirements in contrast to the principle of equality not taking into account the existence of the height difference generally found between men and women

Student repeatedly sexually abused by her public school's vice principal - Being pressured by the abuser to have an abortion, she committed suicide - Violation of the right to life, personal integrity, private life, dignity, education, health and to be free from gender violence and discrimination - State's obligation to adopt structural measures to address sexual violence in the school environment, including a policy to provide access to sex and reproductive education

Article 14 in conjunction with Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 - The applicant, a widow, argued that the denial of her right to a survivor’s pension due to her husband’s lack of social security contributions violated her rights - The decision to deny her pension was discriminatory based on her husband's failure to meet contribution requirements

Article 4 (Positive obligations/Effective investigation/Trafficking in human beings) - Failure to hold effective investigation into allegation of human trafficking and exploitation of prostitution

Article 3 (procedural and substantive) - Ineffective investigation into arguable allegations of ill-treatment by police officers - Allegations not proved “beyond reasonable doubt”, partly due to investigation shortcomings

Death of sixty people among which twenty children and forty women constituting the majority of the city's low-income workers in the explosion of a fireworks factory – Gender stereotypes nurturing the division of labor pushing women to turn to fireworks industry – State's failure to regulate, supervise and address the factory's unsafe working conditions – Violation of the right to an effective remedy, to life, to personal integrity, to judicial protection, to equality in the enjoyment of health safety, children rights and non-discrimination in general

Indirect discrimination not to employ a woman for reasons of physical unfitness due to short stature – Recruitment requirements in contrast to the principle of equality not taking into account the existence of the height difference generally found between men and women