Article 14 (+ Article 8) - Entitlement to parental leave of male police personnel conditional upon lack of maternal care for their children

Condemnation of national courts for upholding presumptions and stereotypes of female sexuality - Positive obligations - 'Secondary victimisation' of a survivor of sexual violence due to the blaming, moralising and stereotyped gendered motivations of the domestic decision

Article 14 (+ Article 1 P1) - Unjustified, direct sex discrimination owing to refusal of employment-related benefit to pregnant woman who underwent in vitro fertilisation shortly before employment

The applicant complains under Articles 8, 9 and 10, both alone and in conjunction with Article 14 of the Convention, that his rights were interfered with by a public authority (namely, the Supreme Court) by its decision to dismiss his claim for breach of statutory duty; and that the interference was not proportionate - Inadmissible

Article 3 (+ Article 14) (Inhuman or degrading treatment, Positive obligations, and Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation) - State’s failure to protect LGBT bar owner and activist from homophobic arson, physical and verbal attacks and to carry out effective investigation - Absence of effective domestic criminal-law mechanism for investigating discrimination complaints

Article 3 (substantive and procedural) read in the light of Article 14 (Positive obligations/Degrading treatment/Discrimination) - Failure to take effective preventive measures aimed at protecting members of LGBTI community from violent verbal and physical hate-motivated attacks by private individuals during demonstrations and to conduct an effective investigation into homophobic motives of counter-demonstrators

Inability to obtain Polish nationality by descent by children born through surrogacy in USA to same-sex couple and residing in Israel, where legal parent-child link is recognised - inadmissible

Article 8 (Family life) - Return of a child to Thailand ordered by the Swiss courts in the context of international child abduction proceedings - Appropriate steps by the competent authorities to guarantee the safety of the child

Article 8 - Non-recognition of parental link with non-biological child born abroad via surrogacy, while preserving bond through foster care: “family life” applicable

Article 3 and Article 11 (+ Article 14) - State’s failure to take operational preventive measures to protect applicants from homophobic and/or transphobic violence, conduct an effective investigation and ensure LGBT rally proceeded peacefully - Indications of official acquiescence, connivance and active participation in individual acts motivated by prejudice

Article 14 (+ Article 8) Discrimination/Family life - Refusal to grant applicant full parental rights and custody over her youngest child based solely or decisively on considerations regarding her sexual orientation - Decisive and discriminatory reliance on importance of male role model

Article 14 (+ Article3) (Discrimination and Degrading treatment) - Abusive police conduct during search of premises of an LGBT NGO motivated by homophobic and/or transphobic hatred - Wilful humiliation and debasement with the use of hate speech and insults

Article 3 - Expulsion - Insufficient assessment of risk of and availability of State protection against ill-treatment on grounds of sexual orientation by non-State actors in the Gambia

Article 11 and Article 14 (+11) - Failure to ensure that public LGBTI awareness event proceeded peacefully - Passive police conduct and failure to restrain homophobic verbal attacks and physical pressure by counter-demonstrators

Restriction on applicant’s contact rights based on his mental disorder, without assessing the latter’s impact on his caring skills or child’s safety - Violation of Article 14

The applicants, a married couple and their daughter born in Ukraine via gestational surrogacy, faced a refusal by the French Court of Appeal in 2017 to fully register the Ukrainian birth certificate, listing only the legal father-child relationship - The Court held that the intended mother could establish a legal relationship through adoption, not directly through the foreign birth certificate, in accordance with French law which does not permit gestational surrogacy - The Court found this approach did not violate the child's rights, as the adoption process provided an effective mechanism f

Article 8 (Respect for family life/Respect for private life) - Protracted non-recognition of legal parent-child relationship between child born through gestational surrogacy abroad and intended father who was genetic father’s registered partner

Dismissal of an action challenging paternity on the grounds of the interests of the child, who had been recognised by the mother’s husband, without sufficient safeguards for the alleged biological father - Violation of Article 8

Article 10 (Freedom of expression) - Conviction for hate speech after posting offensive comments online about homosexuality  

Article 14 in conjunction with Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 - The applicant, a widow, argued that the denial of her right to a survivor’s pension due to her husband’s lack of social security contributions violated her rights - The decision to deny her pension was discriminatory based on her husband's failure to meet contribution requirements