Refusal to register details of foreign birth certificate establishing legal relationship between child born through surrogacy arrangement abroad and her biological father, without considering alternative solution - Violation of Article 8

Article 8 (Positive obligations/Privacy) - Legal impossibility for a transgender parent to indicate their current gender, unrelated to their reproductive function, on the birth certificate of their child conceived after the gender change - Fair balance struck between the transgender parent's right to self-determination, the public interests of legal certainty and reliability and consistency of civil status, and the interests and well-being of the child

Refusal by domestic courts to legally establish the applicant's paternity with regard to his biological son, born from surrogacy carried out in France, after having been entrusted by the surrogate mother to a third-party couple - Violation of Article 8

Father of child born out of wedlock unable to exercise parental responsibility without mother’s consent, in spite of parentage established by DNA test - Violation of Article 14

Dismissal of an action challenging paternity on the grounds of the interests of the child, who had been recognised by the mother’s husband, without sufficient safeguards for the alleged biological father - Violation of Article 8

Medically assisted reproduction, post-mortem homologous fertilization – Birth certificate establishing the paternity of the deceased father - Consent is decisive for the attribution of parenthood

Order to provide genetic sample in context of paternity proceedings - No violation

Maternity allowance in the event of adoption or fostering - Maternity allowance to the adoptive father in the event of renunciation by the adoptive mother - Alleged infringement of the principles of equality, protection of the family, maternity and childhood

Impossibility to contest the paternity of a child born during his marriage to the mother - Violation of Article 8

Courts’ refusal to grant contact rights or order legal parents to provide information about child’s personal circumstances to potential biological father - No violation

Medically assisted heterologous procreation abroad in a married couple - Father's consent to medically assisted heterologous procreation abroad cannot be withdrawn – Rescission of paternity

Parental authority of father with mild intellectual disability restricted on insufficiently demonstrated grounds - Violation of Article 8

Change of recognised paternity at request and in favour of biological father without child’s consent - No violation

Individual right to parental leave on the grounds of the birth of a child — National legislation denying the right to such leave for a staff member whose wife does not work — Equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation 

Refusal to provide applicants with a travel document to enable their child, born abroad as a result of a surrogacy arrangement, to travel back with them to their country of origin - inadmissible

Inability to obtain the revision of a judgment establishing his paternity in spite of an extra-judicial forensic examination proving the contrary - Violation of Article 8

Right to leave for employed mothers after the birth of a child – Possible use by an employed mother or an employed father – Non-employed mother who is not covered by a State social security scheme – No right to leave for employed father

The German courts’ refusal to allow a man to challenge another man’s paternity - No violation

Prohibition of In Vitro Fertilisation violates the right to privacy and family life, personal liberty and integrity, and to non-discrimination

The German courts’ refusal to allow a man to challenge another man’s paternity - No violation