Same-sex couple – Registration in Italy of a foreign judgment attributing the parenthood to two men

Directive 92/85/EEC, Articles 4, 5 and 7, protection of the safety and health of workers, worker who is breastfeeding, night work, shift work performed in part at night — Risk assessment of her work, prevention measures, challenge by the worker concerned — Discrimination on grounds of sex

Impossibility to contest the paternity of a child born during his marriage to the mother - Violation of Article 8

Courts’ refusal to grant contact rights or order legal parents to provide information about child’s personal circumstances to potential biological father - No violation

Refusal to award contact rights to the applicant in respect of the child which had been born to her former partner in Belgium using assisted reproductive techniques while the two women were a couple, despite the fact that the applicant had raised the child during his early years - No violation of Article 8 (right to respect for family life)

Absence of proper institutional oversight over and inadequate regulation of adoption procedures – Decision to separate children from their biological family based on discriminatory justifications regarding their economic situation, gender-based stereotypes about parental responsibilities and their grandmother’s sexual orientation

Verification of the parental relationship between a child born abroad as a result of surrogacy and the “intended parent” – Protection for child’s best interests

Medically assisted heterologous procreation abroad in a married couple - Father's consent to medically assisted heterologous procreation abroad cannot be withdrawn – Rescission of paternity

Ban on adoption of Russian children by US nationals - Violation of Article 14

Article 8 (Respect for family life) -Temporary placement of children in care owing to family’s lack of means and parental neglect - No violation

Directive 92/85/EEC, Article 4(1), Protection of the safety and health of workers — Breastfeeding worker, risk assessment of her work, challenged by the worker concerned — Directive 2006/54/EC, Article 19, equal treatment, discrimination on grounds of sex

Article 14 taken in conjunction with Article 8 - Refusal to grant a paternity leave to the partner of the mother

Refusal of the French authorities to transcribe the Ukrainian birth certificates of surrogate-born children into the French register of births

Italian Cassazione recognizes stepchild adoption in special cases - Adoption in ‘special cases’ is the legal instrument for the intended parent in same-sex couples - The sexual orientation of the adoptive parent is not relevant

Custody of children governed by the principle of protection of the best interests of the child - Serious conflict between the parents and the commission of offences by one against the other constitute facts that have a significant influence on the most appropriate custody regime

Possibility of weighing, in the specific case, whether it is in the best interests of the minor child to maintain meaningful relations with the biological parent's ex-partner [in particular, following the termination of the homo-affective cohabitation between them]

Legitimate children’s surname - Automatic attribution of the father’s surname even if desired otherwise by the parents [who may so jointly request to give the child also the mother’s surname]

Recognition in Italy of a foreign judgment establishing the child’s adoption by the parent's spouse - Civil partnership between adoptee and biological parent merged in same-sex marriage celebrated abroad

Measures to improve the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding — National law providing for an allowance for ordinary magistrates in respect of expenses which they incur in the performance of their professional functions — No entitlement for an ordinary magistrate to that allowance in the case of compulsory maternity leave taken prior to 1 January 2005

Refusal by French authorities to transcribe the birth certificates of children born under surrogacy agreements in India violated the children's right to respect for private life under Article 8