Article 8 - General and absolute criminalisation of the purchase of sexual acts as part of a comprehensive legislative framework to combat prostitution and human trafficking
Violation of Article 8 (positive obligations and private life) - Inability of the applicant, who was adopted as a child, to obtain information concerning her biological origins and health information about her biological parents - Failure to strike a balance between the competing interests at stake
Muslim girls were prohibited from wearing the Islamic veil in their schools, with the exception of non-denominational religious and ethics classes by the school regulations - inadmissible (manifestly ill-founded)
Violation of Article 10 (Freedom of expression) - Refusal by local authorities to authorise the display of an anti-discrimination illustration on advertising billboards for depicting persons with disabilities and Roma in an undignified and humiliating manner
Violation of Article 2 (procedural) - Lack of effective investigation into the alleged suicide of the applicant’s daughter in a domestic violence context - Investigative authority’s non-compliance with requirement to display particular diligence and vigour when investigating a case involving violence against women could be read as sheer unwillingness to establish the truth
Violation of Article 8 (Family life) - Termination of custody and foster care agreement of transgender person in respect of two minors on account of his diagnosis of “transsexualism” and change of gender identity
Dissenting / Concurring: Georgios A. Serghides
Violation of Article 8 (Private life) - Refusal to allow transgender person to continue hormone therapy in prison - Applicant particularly vulnerable as an imprisoned transgender person undergoing a gender reassignment procedure, thus requiring enhanced protection from the authorities
Dissenting / Concurring: Krzysztof Wojtyczek
The revision of the judgement, which was originally decided in 2020 - The applicant had failed to inform the ECtHR at the time of his success in obtaining legal gender recognition from another Bulgarian court and, therefore, retroactively found the case to be inadmissible
Dissenting / Concurring: Kateřina Šimáčková
Violation of Article 3 and Article 8 - Failure of the national authorities to effectively apply a criminal justice system capable of punishing non-consensual sexual acts alleged by a vulnerable victim who did not object during the sexual acts
Equal treatment in employment and occupation, conditions for access to self-employment, employment and working conditions – Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation – Self-employed person working on the basis of a contract for specific work, termination and non-renewal of contract, freedom to choose a contracting party
Judge Rapporteur: M.L. Arastey Sahún
Penitentiary system – Possibility to have a conversation with the spouse, i.e. a party of a civil partnership, a de facto cohabiting partner or a person in a stable emotional relationship, without visual surveillance if, in consideration of the detainee’s behavior, there are no security problems or the need to maintain order and discipline, nor, judicial reasons - Disproportionate violation of personal dignity, of the principles protecting family ties and the detainee’s and his family members’ psycho-physical health
Assisted Reproductive Technologies – A man withdrew his consent to the implantation of a fertilised embryo into a woman’s uterus after the embryo has been fertilized – Alleged violation of the principle of equality as well as the right to self-determination and the conventional right to respect for private and family life
Homicide - Aggravating circumstance provided for the crime of intentional homicide involving the death of a family member or other person in an emotional relation (in the present case, the spouse and a parent)
Law enforcement - Winners absent from work for maternity leave - Violation of equal treatment between women and men and of the special protection of mothers and children
Equal treatment for men and women – Part-time work - Workers of one sex are at a particular disadvantage compared to workers of the other sex
Aggravated abuse criminal offence - Women reporting violence with a clear intent to manipulate the legal system
Female workers - Women workers - Direct discrimination on grounds of sex - Dismissal of an employee because of her pregnancy
Indirect discrimination not to employ a woman for reasons of physical unfitness due to short stature – Recruitment requirements in contrast to the principle of equality not taking into account the existence of the height difference generally found between men and women
Rejection of the registration in Italy of the birth certificate of a child – conceived through recourse to heterologous medically assisted reproduction and born in Italy - naming the intended parent as the child's parent - The legislator has restricted access to heterologous medically assisted reproduction to situations of pathological infertility, which does not include same-sex couples
Adoption of a child by same-sex couples - Assessment of withdrawal of consent to adoption by the biological parent - Assessment of the child's best interests