Judicial correction of the assigned gender – Possibility to assign a ‘third gender’ other than male or female gender – Alleged violation of the principle of equality, the right to personal identity, the right to health and the right to private and family life

Civil partnership – Automatic dissolution of civil partnership in case of judicial correction of one party’s assigned gender – The judge suspends the effects of the civil partnership until the celebration of the marriage and, in any case, not later than one hundred and eighty days from res judicata of the gender rectification judgment, if the two parties express, personally and jointly, their intention to marry until the required hearing

Penitentiary system – Possibility to have a conversation with the spouse, i.e. a party of a civil partnership, a de facto cohabiting partner or a person in a stable emotional relationship, without visual surveillance if, in consideration of the detainee’s behavior, there are no security problems or the need to maintain order and discipline, nor, judicial reasons - Disproportionate violation of personal dignity, of the principles protecting family ties and the detainee’s and his family members’ psycho-physical health 

Assisted Reproductive Technologies – A man withdrew his consent to the implantation of a fertilised embryo into a woman’s uterus after the embryo has been fertilized – Alleged violation of the principle of equality as well as the right to self-determination and the conventional right to respect for private and family life

Homicide - Aggravating circumstance provided for the crime of intentional homicide involving the death of a family member or other person in an emotional relation (in the present case, the spouse and a parent)

Law enforcement - Winners absent from work for maternity leave - Violation of equal treatment between women and men and of the special protection of mothers and children

Surname of children born outside of marriage or born to married couples – Violation of children’s right to a personal identity and of the principle of equality in the relationship between the parents – It is up to the legislator to weigh the interests of children to have the same surname as their brothers and sisters

Judicial correction of the assigned gender – Possibility of ordering the relevant civil registrar to register the marriage instead of dissolving the civil partnership, subject to a joint declaration by the parties

Necessary gender parity in electoral lists  - Violation of the principles of gender equality and substantive equality

Adoption of children “in special cases” – Recognition of kinship resulting from adoption – Violation of the principle of the equal treatment of all children, regardless of whether they are born in or out of wedlock or adopted 

Distinction between male and female educational staff - Alleged unreasonable violation of the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of gender

Out-of-wedlock child’s surname - Automatic attribution of the father’s surname – Alleged violation of the right to personal identity and the principle of equality, also with regard to European and supranational obligations

Status of child born (in Italy) through recourse to heterologous medically assisted reproduction (MAP), carried out by a female couple – Possibility of granting the status of child recognised also by the intentional mother, where the conditions for ‘‘adoption in special cases’’ are not fulfilled even though the courts have established that such recognition would be in the interests of the child

Foreign decree recognising the parental relationship between a child born abroad as a result of surrogacy and the “intended parent” – Current lack of protection for the interests of the child

Gender-based violence - Legal aid in criminal proceedings - Alleged violation of the principle of equal treatment and the right to judicial protection

Medically assisted reproduction – Alleged unequal treatment with respect to the use of heterologous medically assisted fertilisation, and violation of the principles of individual responsibility, social solidarity and protection of the personal identity of the child

Candidates on compulsory maternity leave - Violation of the special protection of mothers and children

Registration in Italy of the birth certificate of a child who is a foreign national – Possibility of two persons of the same sex being recognised as parents where parentage is established under the foreign law applicable

Registration in Italy of the birth certificate of a child who is a foreign national – Possibility of two persons of the same sex being recognised as parents where parentage is established under the foreign law applicable

Participation of the gestational mother in the trial for the recognition of the foreign order concerning the registration of non-biological parent (the so-called intended parent) in the birth certificate of a child born abroad through surrogacy