Smith and Grady v. the United Kingdom, ECtHR, 33985/96, 33986/96, 27/09/1999
Court: European Court of Human Rights
 | 1999

Article 8 (Respect for private life) Article 14 (Discrimination) - Discharge from army due to implementation of policy against participation of homosexual in armed forces - Discharge from army due to implementation of policy against participation of homosexual in armed forces

Dissenting / Concurring: Loucaides

3/1998, CC, 26/01/1998
Court: Corte Costituzionale
 | 1998

Protection of working mothers – Maternity allowance, upon request, for the period between the two months prior to the expected date of birth and the three months after the actual date of birth, regardless of the actual date of maternity leave – Alleged unequal treatment of female employees obligated by law to maternity leave during the aforementioned period

Sheffield and Horsham v. the United Kingdom, ECtHR, 22985/93, 23390/94, 30/07/1998 [GC]
Court: European Court of Human Rights
 | 1998

Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) – Request of amendment of birth certificates following  gender reassignment by two transgender men – No violation

Dissenting / Concurring: De Meyer, Valticos, Morenilla / Freeland / Bernhardt, Thór Vilhjálmsson, Spielmann, Palm, Wildhaber, Makarczyk, Voicu / Casadevall / van Dijk / Wildhaber

35/1997, CC, 30/01/1997
Court: Corte Costituzionale
 | 1997

Referendum on the voluntary termination of pregnancy – Abortion legalization with the repeal of currently provided for administrative and judicial procedures and controls, as well as the related incriminatory offences

X, Y and Z v. the United Kingdom, ECtHR, 21830/93, 22/04/1997 [GC]
Court: European Court of Human Rights
 | 1997

Article 8 (Positive obligations and Respect for family life) - Refusal to register post-operative transsexual as father of child born to partner by artificial insemination by donor

Dissenting / Concurring: Pettiti / De Meyer / Casadevall, Russo, Makarczyk / Thór Vilhjálmsson / Foighel / Gotchev

C-13/94, CJEU, 30/04/1996
Court: Court of Justice of the European Union
 | 1996

Article 5(1) of the Directive 76/207/EEC precludes dismissal of a transsexual for a reason related to a gender reassignment – Intention to undergo gender reassignment, surgery to give the physical attributes of a woman – Discrimination is based, essentially if not exclusively, on the sex of the person concerned 

Judge Rapporteur: P. J. G. Kapteyn

76/1996, CC, 07/03/1996
Court: Corte Costituzionale
 | 1996

Abortion, pregnant minor’s termination of pregnancy - Assessment of economic, social and family conditions - The right to life of the unborn child

Loayza Tamayo v. Peru, IACtHR, Series C No. 33, 17/09/1997
Court: Inter-American Court of Human Rights
 | 1996

Repeated rape and torture of a woman detained on suspicion of participating in alleged terrorist group –Violation of the right to personal liberty, to humane treatment, to non-discrimination and to a fair trial

Dissenting / Concurring: Montiel Argüllo / Cançado Trinidade, Jackman